#ADVANCED LONGMAN DICTIONARY FREE DOWNLOAD ACTIVATOR#
The Activator has been prepared carefully by capable lexicographers.
It provides a storehouse of information for advanced learners of English who must encode their ideas. The Activator is to be welcomed by teachers and advanced learners of English and by lexicographers. Each of the words and phrases is supplied with a phonetic transcription (reflecting Received Pronounciation, RP), grammatical information, and illustrative examples, often including collocations. First, careless, then not take care, then negligent, etc. These words and phrases are defined and illustrated. After the Menu of words and phrases comes the part of the Activator that resembles an ordinary, monolingual dictionary. This Menu lists closely related words or phrases: "careless, not take care, negligent, slack, lax, remiss". For meaning (1) of the Meaning Menu given above we find in Numbered section (1) a repetition of the sense listed in the Meaning Menu and then the Menu of words and phrases. After the listing of the various senses of the Key Word, the dictionary proceeds to provide Numbered sections, each of which is devoted to a sense of the Key Word. In the Meaning Menu for careless we find: (1) paying too little attention to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes and do things badly (2) taking too little care in situations that involve danger or risk, so that accidents happen (3) done or made in a careless way, etc. Then the Meaning Menu lists by number the various senses of the Key Word. Thus, for the Key Word careless we find first a general definition "not doing things properly or safely and therefore making mistakes or causing danger". The Key Word entry (indicated by a solid, gray circle) begins with a Meaning Menu, listing the major senses of the Key Word. The third possible meaning given is "not thinking before doing something", which refers the reader to the Key Word, think about. The second possible meaning given is "doing things that are not sensible," which refers the reader to the Key Word stupid~not sensible. For example, the Access Map at careless asks which meaning?, then lists as the first possible meaning "careless" and refers to the Key Word careless. Interspersed in the List are Access Maps designed to help the reader decide which Key Word should be consulted. This List consists of words and phrases treated under the Key Words. The words belonging to the List are highlighted by a gray line at the left margin of the An "Alphabetical Word List" runs throughout the Activator. The structure of the dictionary is complex. The Activator is similar to a thesaurus in that it groups words and phrases by ideas.
For example, indictment is given under the Key Word accuse be up and about is given under better/recovered run rings around is given under better lay it on the line is given under clear/easy to understand, etc. These items, defined and illustrated by examples, are grouped in 1052 "concepts" or "Key Words", listed on pages B l - B 4 of the Appendix. This dictionary groups words and phrases that are related in meaning. The project was directed by Della Summers. This innovative dictionary of English was compiled by a large editorial staff from the Longman Group, aided by outside readers and advisors. 253-255, 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain Wolfgang BOmer University of Hamburg Zentrales Fremdsprachen-Institut Von-Melle-Park 5 D-20146 Hamburg Federal Republic of Germany (1992) Empirische Untersuchungen xu fremdsprachlichen Schreibprozessen. (1980) Identifying the organization of writing processes. Acknowledgement-I wish to thank Juliane House for revising my English. In my opinion it is the best part of the book. Graziella Tonfoni seems to be such a person who has managed even to impress Marvin Minsky from MIT, who has written a brilliant foreword for her. Like for all these methodologies, two conditions have to be met for their successful application: Learners must join in with the game and give free play to their creativity, and the teacher must be a charismatic person able to fill his/her students with enthusiasm. Tonfoni's approach seems to belong to some kind of fringe methodology. Computer screen, are they perhaps cyberspace objects or even pure imagination on the part of the writing subject just to stimulate his own creativity? A teacher should know this before he/she starts to work with such objects.
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